As feed in tariffs are often offensively priced you might find that by using excess to dump into appliances you get better value of return than feeding back into the electricity grid.

Here are some items you can use to improve the Quality of Life when you have excess energy:

• Hot Tub (store hot water for use later)
• Home Energy Storage IE Batteries (store energy to use later)
• Dehumidifier (reduce humidity)
• Washing Machine / Dish Washer (save cycles to run during excess hours)
• Fridge / Freezer (increase cooling during excess)
• Heating cylinder (store hot water for use later)
• Computing (ie mining, updates)
• Car charging (somewhat obvious as you are charging a battery)
• Robot(s) (vacuum cleaner/mowers etc, make sure to finish their cycle at peak time so recharge happens during excess hours)
• Water pump (cycle/store water)
• Immersion heater (different from a cylinder and used to kill off legionaries)
• Air purifier

TLDR;

• Stopping losing heat is much easier than generating heat.
• Thermal imaging is better than leak testing.
• The power infrastructure in the UK is not ready.
• Sourcing the correct RCBO for an inverter can be tricky and Lead times for Renewable items can be long.

In 2020 I began a project to modernize a 5 bedroom grade 2 listed property. I share my timelines, learning and price points. It’s likely these price points can be reduced significantly but I tried to state them as if all work was completed by a contractor, in reality the costs were significantly less because I did most of the work myself.

Keeping in the heat

Grade 2 listed buildings are notoriously difficult to keep warm. Often with no insulation, poor glazing and leaky stone work. Grade 2 means you are restricted in what you can do, however most of the learning I am sharing in this post should apply to non and other listed types of properties. My heat loss was 33Kw which is bad. To get this value I used heat-engineer software/app which was painful but at least accurate. Most free online tools can’t handle vaulted ceilings and weird edge case materials. I think I spent maybe £20 on the app and while the app is pretty tricky to use I got enough information for both me and the heat pump manufacturer I am working with.

If you are considering a heat pump one free test to do is set your central heating to have a flow temp of ~55 degrees, this will help identify rooms that might have undersized radiators as you will notice they are cooler than expected.

Before insulating we addressed the poor pointing and areas where water could get through the roof/walls and into the property. Re-pointing and some roofing fixes came in at about £15k and took a noisy and messy month or so.

My first step on insulating the properties began at the doors, while doors aren’t a huge factor I knew for a fact mine were drafty so new solid-wood like-for-like doors went on at the cost of about £2k.

Next I shifted my attention to insulation and settled on a 2 phased quote to insulate the whole property at the cost of about £30k.

I had a team of 5 in for about 2 weeks and I am glad I didn’t take this job on myself. To prepare for the insulation means an entire house strip down so not a convenient thing. Post Insulation required re-fitting & cleaning carpets, skirting boards, all fixtures and fittings and redecorating the whole property so it was important to do this early and before secondary glazing. Redecoration came to about £10k. Lead time for most of this work was about 2 months.

A quick side note on internal wall insulation. If you have radiators on external walls you are going to be moving them and this means getting plumbers in. While they are in, if you are considering a heat pump (air or ground) it might be worth considering upgrading your radiators, copper pipework from 15mm to 22mm and run the (26mm?) pipework for the heat pump to connect into the central heating system/hot water. It is MUCH cheaper, cleaner and efficient to do this at this point and not post insulation work. The same may apply for electrics. In total I spent about £2k on changes to the central heating system and replacing radiators with oversized ones ready for a heat pump.

The insulation contractor had a friend who had a leak/chamber/air change test machine he charged out at £250 a visit, he did the first visit and because the house was so leaky the unit couldn’t work and as such from my personal experience unless you are testing a leak proof house then this approach is a waste of time. To test the performance of the insulation my friend Ash came up with his FLIR camera and we reviewed the whole house. I was staggered by how effective the FLIR was for this use case and it helped identify 3 cold areas I didn’t expect to see and rule out an area I was sure had a draft.

While the house was messy I took the opportunity to properly deaden off existing fireplaces by removing any material left in the fire place and by installing a galvanized steel sheet and properly sealing the chimney stack at the bottom. The top of the chimney was left able to breath without allowing too much moisture in. I spent about £1k on chimneys at the time including some minor stove repairs, sweeps etc.

Secondary glazing must come after insulation and in total came to about £6k as only half the property needed doing. Lead time for most of this work was about 2 months.

I also took this time to ask Alan from Ash Carpentry to do a review of the state of the sash windows and replace any rotten wood. It was ideal to do this now because we were still decorating so we didn’t have to revisit decoration twice.

So to summarize; I added internal roof/wall insulation(technically room in room), secondary glazing, updated doors, oversized radiators and central heat piping. All these things combined changed the house heat requirement from ~33Kw to ~15Kw. Noice.

Power Infrastructure

I naively made the assumption that because the property was < 1km away from a substation and I live on an A road that I would have suitable cabling running to the house. And in some ways, I do. I have a 100Amp Fuse and at 240 Volts that’s 24Kw available at surge, way less then I have ever needed and less than a heat pump should need, but here’s the kicker, while I technically can pull that amount of current the infrastructure provider (DNO/Northern Grid) simply can’t support it and require that I provide supplemental paperwork to pull this amount of current from the grid. Sadly, for me, and probably the case for you is that they will require you move onto the three phase system at a cost of ~£25k, something I had not budgeted for. Personally I decided not to pursue this approach and instead I doubled the budget to £50k and I will bring up my own substation and additional energy generation.

Solar/PV and the Inverter

My Solar / PV system is super simple and it was very easy to get setup but I had a weird edge case bug. My RCBO tripped when it rained… I was able to replicate the bug by sprinkling water onto the panels. After significant reading I discovered that the DC to AC isn’t entirely separated so noise from the DC system can end up on the AC export and because of this the Huawei datasheet recommended an RCBO that had a 100mA sensitivity, the one I was using was 30mA and 30mA is the norm for nearly everything in a consumer setting. The lead time on the 100mA RCBO was quite long and it was quite expensive but all in all I think £60 or so and a month or so later I was backup running reliably when it rained. I think all in all my solar, battery storage and smart home connectivity came to about £8k.

At the time of writing this, lead times for renewable related projects are a minimum of 3 months. Edge case items such as Huawei’s Smart Power Sensor are 6 months. I made a mistake of thinking I could use an item from AliExpress but sadly this didn’t work. I should have ordered the smart power sensor when I ordered the other items as it was in stock at the time. I tried to save myself ~£100 and I wasted probably £5 a day in exporting energy back to the grid I wasn’t paid for.

Officially you can only put 3.6Kw back onto the grid without permission, I put back max 1Kw as I have localized dumps (dehumidifiers, hot tub, pod pumps) etc. I can dump into. Putting back into the grid is a fools errand too unless you get on a good pay-in deal which at the time of writing are non-existent.

The glue

I use Home Assistant as my glue and Gantt project as my management software. I’d recommend looking into both if you want to do a similar project.

In summary

~£70k for reducing the heat output from ~33kw to ~15kw.

~£10k in Solar reducing my electricity bills by about £120 a month.

It’s too early to project Gas cost savings but these changes will significantly reduce my reliable on fossil fuels so for me that’s a win. Long term I want to be energy independent.

These types of projects can be called Retrofit or renovation or some other fancy term, ultimately my goal is to reduce my carbon footprint and hopefully keep this house sustainable for another 100 years or so, if you are going on a similar journey and I helped please comment, like and subscribe.

Follow along! Do each window in order

Window 1

mkdir etherpadProxy
git clone git@github.com:ether/etherpad-proxy.git
cd etherpad-proxy && npm i && node app.js

Window 2

cd etherpadProxy
git clone git@github.com:ether/etherpad-lite.git 1
cd 1 && bin/run.sh
# wait for this to show "Etherpad is running"

Window 3

cd etherpadProxy
cp -R 1 2
cd 2
sed -i 's/9001/9002/g' settings.json
bin/fastRun.sh

Window 4

cd etherpadProxy
cp -R 1 3
cd 3
sed -i 's/9001/9003/g' settings.json
bin/fastRun.sh

Now visit http://127.0.0.1:9000

Do you want to convert your Petrol or Diesel car to Electric? You might need to be a little naughty to get it fully registered and insured and it might be that a number of people skip these steps and we end up with electric conversions on that road that aren’t legal.

Post conversion, electric conversions should be registered with the DVLA. This means that your car will be MOT tested as electric & you will get a reduction tax costs, this of course only impacts cars less than 40 years old. Cars older than 40 years old are considered classics and as such don’t require an MOT or Tax. So let’s say your car is 30 years old, you convert it to electric then you contact the DVLA to notify them you converted it to electric. The DVSA(intentional change from DVLA) will require an IVA which has some ~£500 costs and requires your car to be taken to a test center, the DVSA is the least of your problems though.. The DVSA will require a CEC 100.01 test of the electrical work. These tests cost ~£2000 and again require the car to be taken to a test center. Re-testing (you probably wont pass first time) will incur the initial test fee and of course transportation costs to and from the center. These costs (let’s assume you are £5000 in) are just not feasible for the majority of conversions and when you assume the electric drive train came from an already CEC 100.01 tested car it does seem wasteful.

People familiar with petrol conversions will be aware that you have a few options, you either do or don’t tell the DVLA that you changed the engine. It’s really seen as no big deal because at the end of the day the MOT emissions test will either pass or fail, this same approach can’t be used for Electric conversions due to there being zero emissions causing an MOT fail. Obviously I’m ignoring insurance/legalities intentionally, it’s rare engine conversions are caught out during insurance claims.

So let’s quickly outline the options you have for your 30 year old conversion:

1. Go fully legal: Spend the extra month and £10k or so in additional testing and bug-fixes. But be warned, even if you pass the CEC test the IVA inspector might not accept the “pass” and may require additional testing.
2. Illegal VIN Swap: Swap your Reg/VIN for a car that is 40+ years. Doing this is illegal but it will mean you don’t need to pay Tax or get an MOT so the car will “legally” be on the road, ignoring the illegal VIN/Registration swap.
3. Trust the UK Gov: Wait ~5 years for the DVLA/DVSA/UK Gov to come up with a new process for EV Conversions

The DVSA/DVLA recognize they have a problem and that electrification of old vehicles is important. Currently there are only two people and centers in the UK who do CEC testing and it’s a relatively new requirement for the IVA. I liken the requirement for CEC testing to requiring a test just for changing a fuel line on the car. I think all testing is important and having as much of a safe vehicle as possible but there should be a balance. The point I suppose is that the IVA should be testing some of the electrification aspect in the same way they do the combustion engine. I like to think that the IVA team are hoping to take this on in the future but it doesn’t sound like that’s the case.

So with option 1 being cost prohibitive, option 2 being technically illegal and option 3 being unlikely to ever come to fruition you are stuck between a rock and a hard place.

So if you learn anything from this, only convert cars that are 40+ years old.